The California Prison System Is Severely Overcrowded

Because the California prison system is severely overcrowded, it is unable to deliver adequate resources and services to its inmates. In 2011, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the system—operating at 145% of its designed capacity—violates the 8th Amendment and mandated that the state significantly reduce its prison population by 2016 (Divito). Many of the state’s GOP legislators called for expansion of the state’s correctional facilities, claiming that criminals would be a threat to communities if the state relaxed enforcement or released some prisoners early (Wildermuth). While there is merit in this argument, spending money to expand jail capacities without reducing the number of people who are incarcerated only conceals the fundamental problem, rather than correcting it. Instead, a more effective alternative is to invest resources in â€Å"mental health courts, drug treatment, mental health treatment, vocational rehabilitation, evidence-based programs [in order to] reduce the population in a more sustained way† (Siders). Recently, in Los Angeles, community stakeholders have come to agree that many of the city’s offenders do not necessarily need incarceration, but instead education and outreach programs. As a result, the local justice system has begun to promote a system of restorative justice. Launched in October 2014, the Los Angeles City Attorney’s Neighborhood Justice Program (NJP) was created to keep low-level offenders out of the court system and prevent themShow MoreRelatedThe American Court System And Criminal Justice System1750 Words   |  7 PagesThe System Each year, approximately ten-thousand people are convicted of crimes that they did not commit (Spring). Ten-thousand people that will never see their kids grow up, ten-thousand people that will miss out on life, ten-thousand people whose lives will never be the same. Men and women are on death row for decades, only to be exonerated after their execution. Where is the justice in that? Prisons are also overcrowded and according to political scientist David Hudson, America holds five percentRead MoreOvercrowded Prisons and the War on Drugs1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Drugs One must wonder if the war on drugs helps or hinders our American Criminal Justice System when you look at the overwhelming impact it has had on crowding issues within our prisons. At the present time there are over 1.5 million people in prison, 59.6 % for drug offenses alone. The war on drugs started over 100 years ago in San Francisco, California when the first law against drugs was enacted to stop the smoking of opium. In all actuality, this law was against the ChineseRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding1598 Words   |  7 Pagesthe major problem of prison overcrowding and argue that the problem of prison overcrowding would not be ending anytime soon, due to the inadequate attempts by state governments to deal with the inhumane living conditions in overcrowded prisons. This article relates to the topic because the authors analyze how the federal government and some individual states, such as California and Florida, respond to the constrained resources causing unsuitable conditions in overfilled prisons. This source illuminatesRead MoreThe Treatment Of Mentally Ill Prisoners1522 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals in American prisons, mental disorder affects more than 200,000 prisoners, yet it is an issue that has been ignored by the federal gove rnment and the public. Little attention has been brought to the topic of prisons and its prisoner, until the past few years, with the release of the shows â€Å"Making of a Murderer† and â€Å"Orange Is the New Black†, which both focus on life behind bars. The media has started to cover many of the injustices that occur behind the prison walls. However, while theRead MoreShould The Prison Building A Reduced Maximum Nonviolent Criminals?1733 Words   |  7 Pagespublic concern about the threat of crime and many becoming skeptical about how effective rehabilitation is, Americans started focusing on some other goals of the prison system, such as retribution and public safety. They argue crime measures, such as mandatory minimum sentences and truth in sentencing laws, are keeping minor offenders in prison for too long and at great expense to the taxpayers. Advocates of harsh sentencing laws counter that they are necessary as a solution to lenient judges. DavidRead More Ju venile Justice Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pages Juvenile Justice By:Bill In todays society juveniles are being tried in adult courts, given the death penalty, and sent to prison. Should fourteen-year olds accused of murder or rape automatically be tried as adults? Should six-teen year olds and seven-teen year olds tried in adult courts be forced to serve time in adult prisons, where they are more likely to be sexually assaulted and to become repeat offenders. How much discretion should a judge have in deciding the fate of a juvenile accusedRead MoreThe Jones-Costa Bill: Three Strikes2189 Words   |  9 Pageselse’s life and be sentenced to prison for seven years, maybe ten. That term sounds like a lengthy time but in my view a person who inflicts harm on another individual should be punished in a more severely way. The wonderful thing about the legal system in this country is that it can change whether it is repealed, amended, or a new law or sets of laws are created. The fact that the ability to propose a law is not solemnly reserved to the gove rnment makes our legal system quite remarkable. We have theRead MoreSlavery In The River Of Dark Dreams By Walter Johnson1745 Words   |  7 Pagesstemmed from innovative violence. Obsessed with increasing efficiency, enslavers spent considerable time calculating and drafting new methods in order to assure their slaves produced more. The new system that best ensured this sought-after efficiency was called the â€Å"pushing system.† The pushing system forced slaves to compete with one another by the number of baskets of cotton they picked each day, in effect transforming the enslaved into cotton-picking machines. All who failed to meet their dailyRead MoreThe Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath1489 Words   |  6 Pagesincredibly tumultuous time for the United States. The stock market crash of 1929 and the Dust Bowl exacerbated the already high tensions between the rich and the poor. These tensions were also present and becoming a growing problem within the justice system of th is era. As the country plunged into the depths of the Depression, the poor treatment of men and women imprisoned within the country’s jails deteriorated as well. The Dust Bowl along with the economic conditions the country, at the time led toRead MoreThe Prison System: Solitary Confinement Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesSince the early 1800s, the United States has relied on a method of punishment barely known to any other country, solitary confinement (Cole). Despite this method once being thought of as the breakthrough in the prison system, history has proved differently. Solitary confinement was once used in a short period of time to fix a prisoners behavior, but is now used as a long term method that shows to prove absolutely nothing. Spending 22-24 hours a day in a small room containing practically nothing has

The Extent to Which the Globalization of Consumer Culture Engenders a Literature review

Essays on The Extent to Which the Globalization of Consumer Culture Engenders a Cosmopolitan Culture Literature review The paper â€Å"The Extent to Which the Globalization of Consumer Culture Engenders a Cosmopolitan Culture† is a  telling variant of literature review on marketing. In the current contemporary world, people get exposed to many influences that would change their behaviors at the end of the day. Perhaps these influences could be because of openness in borders from nation to nation. Tomlinson (269) termed the openness of borders between nations as globalization. He also found that most of the consumers in their various cultural spheres are delightful of the positivity impacts of globalization and that is why there is the formation of internationalized culture (cosmopolitan culture). Nevertheless, globalization has been associated with the demolition of cultural identities, therefore, a lot of interpretations by anti-globalization activists show that this aspect in one way or another has created imperial culture.There is a substantial mutual relationship between globalization an d culture. Tomlinson (272) stated that a single protocol of contemporary cultural experience is difficult to unlock globalization internal dynamics. Therefore, talking of transformations brought about by politics and the world economy perhaps defines only the fabrics of cultural experience. This enlightens regional consumer segments in terms of maturity and elements of ecological concern. As a result, greater market segmentation has become a vital factor in influencing the attitude and behaviors of various specific segments within the national borders (Ritzer, 13).Nava (89) found that every phenomenon has an invented story. The modern history of cosmopolitan culture is defined by various consciousnesses, which include people’s physical movements, encountering strangers and interchange of shared values. This configured people to become part of making sense in engendering a platform of modern culture. It is important to note that producing a cosmopolitan culture through the glo balization of consumer culture needs a comprehensive framework structure of changing people’s attitudes in order to enhance a divergent culture with limited conflicts.In focusing on how the globalization of consumer culture produces a cosmopolitan culture, there are major domain questions to conceder:Is globalization a process or a condition? Most theories refer to it as a process of transformation while ‘globality’ as a condition (Nava, 94).How do post-modernity relate to globalization?What is the connection between a nation and globalization? If there is a clear definition of this relationship, then does it undermine the nation? Alternatively, if the nation-state being transformed? Does globalization entail internationalization whereby there is a raising intensity value exchange among different nations?To what extent is the process of globalization defining the association between social structural values and territoriality? Is this relationship leading to the deterritorialization of social interactions? In addition, what is the association that exists between a global scenario and the local scenario?The ground of these domain questions is in a wider theoretical tradition like functionalism, feminist, critical and postmodernism theories (Nava, 95). Therefore, rather focusing on the classification of globalization theories in discussing the impact of global consumer culture, a range of theoretical dissertations that typically serve as heuristic tools is noticeable from the discussion.The controversies perhaps may exist especially when theorizing cosmopolitanism since political and cultural belief supports the platform of cosmopolitan strands (Nava, 95). These beliefs existed in the English society in the first decades of the 20th century and have extended its spheres to business and social aspects like entertainments. This means that these explicit values not only define cosmopolitan culture but also a divergent cultural experience.

A Community Foundation in Lakeland Florida and its projects Free Essays

Lakeland Florida is one of the cities in Florida that is vested with so many special features that make it so different from the rest of the states. Lakeland has such a philanthropy, which makes it such a big part of the larger community; it has the kindest people who are rare individuals in the way they dedicate themselves to various programs and organizations making Lakeland so special. (Argandona, A. We will write a custom essay sample on A Community Foundation in Lakeland Florida and its projects or any similar topic only for you Order Now (1999) Needless to say therefore is the fact that being such a good city with the best features there are so many community foundations in Lakeland ranging from sports, recreation, non-governmental and even church organizations. One of the most developed and sound of these organizations is sports and recreation since Lakeland has the best sceneries and attractions that make so suited for this area. (Argandona, A. (1999) as the name suggests Lakeland Florida has so many lakes making fishing to be a recreational activity, fun and even a routine to both residents and non-residents. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (F. W. C) is one of the community foundations here in Lakeland. The F.W.C encourages and motivates families to enjoy and participate in the joys derived in fishing. Florida is well known and even titled as the capital for fishing in the whole wide world and the best location for such activities as compared to other states. (Lange, H. and Steinman, H. (2000). The organization as part of its activities will once in a while give special treatment to the people of Florida and beyond, this includes being allowed to do fishing in the fresh public waters without licensing, people are able to appreciate nature and families are able to come together and have fun. (Argandona, A. (1999) The organizations will also at times give bonus programs where people fish for free, this is a way of promotion and provides incentives in various forms that add to the convenience and cost cutting. These fishing license fees are used for the fish and other wildlife conservation and maintenance purposes. They are also a major source of funds for various programs like habitat restoration, adding stocks of fish and even manage their accessibility. The organization has also not been left behind in sponsoring competitions and tournaments a good example is Florida Senior Games State Championship, where it enhances and promotes sports and ensures development of the same. (Lange, H. and Steinman, H. (2000) It is greatly supported by other organizations that also sponsor partly an example being the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Florida, Performance Health, and makers of Bio freeze. Since Florida has one of the best training sites, it is such an economic asset to the State of Florida it generates millions of dollars for our state and thus acts like an economic engine. Lakeland has a lot to offer from the climate, which is conducive all year round, best fans that are so supportive, it is able to attract tourists from all angles and corners of the world that help generate money for our rich economy. Since 1996, the Florida Sports Foundation help communities to attract sporting events all the year round this gives it good publicity and people identify new areas where they can tour on their holidays and get always. This organization has done Florida so proud and known all over due to its ability to keep up to date with current trends and development in technology thus providing the right services at the right time. (Lange, H. and Steinman, H. (2000) The Florida Fishing and Wildlife Conservation Commission also provides employment opportunities to the people of Lakeland Florida in various areas, it employs trainers, life savers, cleaners caretakers, managers at different levels of management and even recruits trainees to assist tourists. This earns the economy extra money in terms of labor inflow and also the fee charged to those on training. (Argandona, A. (1999) The organization also does a lot in encouraging the people to participate in the nation and state building of our state joyfully without complaining since they pay to have fun and the money so collected helps in development activities which goes to construction of more infrastructure and also new projects are started to develop the same. Citizens are able to feel included and recognized; it also creates individual confidence and self-discipline in all activities. (Argandona, A. (1999) Other activities include promoting health that goes to raising the life expectancy. In conclusion, the F.W.C is an organization to reckon with bearing in mind that it has made our sports and recreation to be such a big success. References 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Argandona, A. (1999), Community Projects, London; Institute of Business Press. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lange, H. and Steinman, H. (2000), Planning of Projects, London; Kluwer Press. How to cite A Community Foundation in Lakeland Florida and its projects, Papers

Phonological Variation of Hong Kong English Essay Example For Students

Phonological Variation of Hong Kong English Essay Variation 4: No distinction between long vowels and short vowels According to Tony(World Englishes, 2000: 338),researchers Bolton and Kwok (1990) have identified that HKE has a simpler vowel system than RP by subjective hearing and that some of the vowel contrasts in the British RP are neutralized. In other words, RP has a more complex vowel system than HKE, which again is the result of the influence of Cantonese, the mother-tongue of HKE speakers. Taking the scale of this research into consideration, we are not likely to conduct a spectrographic analysis to justify the subjective perception. However, the academic sources and previous research which researchers have read prove the validity of this variation. Researchers also recognize that this is also a common feature of Asian English speakers, like variation three. Long vowel duration is not part of their native language phonological system, hence no distinction between long vowels and short vowels. This variation is exemplified by the following data. The shorter duration of certain vowels could lead to offence or impoliteness, such as sheet is pronounced as shit, beach is pronounced as bitch. Examples Received Pronunciation. Hong Kong English My parents and me /mi:/ /mi/ Tea and coffee? /ti:/ /ti/ Thats a beach / bi? t? / / bit? / Beat eggs in the bowl /bi:t/ /bit/ Take that sheet / ? i? t / / ? it / Conclusion As is stated in the introduction, many phonological variations exist between speakers of Hong Kong English and Received Pronunciation. This report elaborates four of the most noticeable characteristics of HKE, which are:Â   Pronouncing Interdental-fricative/? / as labio-dental fricative /f/Â   Pronouncing voiced interdental-fricative / i / as alveolar plosive /d/ or voiceless interdental-fricative /?. Pronouncing voiced palato-alveolar /? / as voiceless palato-alveolar/s/: occasion( occacion) * No distinction between long vowels and short vowels Data are collected by the means of question-answer interviews and insufficient in terms of scope. Researchers make efforts to minimize the negative effects of the limitation by referring to academic sources and transcribing from everyday communication. Analysis of four of the most salient features reveals that Cantonese phonological system is reflective in HKE, that is, HKE displays some of phonemes in Cantonese, which makes HKE vary from RP. Other than this, even though some of the speakers of HKE realize that variations exist, they admit that it is out of their convenience, hence preserving them. Furthermore, certain variations may result in misunderstandings, offence or impoliteness. Some of the features in HKE are also typical of Asian English varieties and the reference of HKE which may facilitate the study of these varieties. At last, more advanced research and in-depth study are highly recommended to be conducted to analyze Hong Kong English. Books. Crystal, D 1995, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Melchers, G. and Shaw, P 2003, World Englishes: An Introduction, Arnold Publishers, London. George, Y 2000, The Study of Language, Second edition, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Beijing. Hung, T. T. N 2000, Towards a phonology of Hong Kong English, World Englishes, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp 337-56. Internet Sources Youtube (Andrew Chu TakeOut Comedy Club Hong Kong English Stand up comedy, 8 January, 2009), viewed 16 May 2009 ;http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=o5m16E9xdDI;.

Behavior and Human Resource Management

Query Letter vs. Letter of Introduction

Query Letter vs. Letter of Introduction The shortest,  most blunt email anyone receives from me is The guidelines are on the website, and I send that email many times a week. The online guidelines at www.fundsforwriters.com/submissions clearly ask for articles on spec. Or if a writer isnt sure, they can pitch ideas, and if one is selected, they then submit that piece on spec. But still, I receive letters of introduction. The difference between queries and letters of introduction are simple. QUERIES pitch specific topics or might even pitch the article in its entirety, especially in our situation where the articles are so short (500-600 words). They are as close to publish-ready as a writer can make them and show that a writer understands the publication. They might even write on a topic recommended in the publications guidelines. A LETTER OF INTRODUCTION is when a writer sends a brief

Authority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Authority - Essay Example military, the importance of authority in the military, and also what may happen if authority is either lacking or not respected by the appropriate subordinates. Before exploring how authority is used in the military, it is important to understand what the word means and the ideas that it implies. The Collins English Dictionary offers up a variety of definitions, such as "the power or right to control, judge, or prohibit the actions of others," or "such a power or right delegated, especially from one person to another," or "the ability to influence or control others" (Collins). If we dissect these definitions one-by-one, we can see a recurring pattern across all three: power. Authority can only be gained through power, mostly due to the position that someone holds. A high up position can give someone authority over others because of their job description, which likely allows them to offer guidance to subordinates. Another component of the word authority is that it is delegated or assigned, typically from one person to another. Authority is often found in a chain of command, with those towards to top of the tree afforded more authority than p eople lower down the food chain. Also, authority usually is a two-way street between leaders and followers. There has to be a relationship between each set of individuals and both should know where they stand in the relationship; only in an equal relationship will there be no need for either party to have authority over the other. Informal relationships are often like this, whereas in formal situations authority is necessary in order to preserve some sort of organization within large groups of people. Finally, the definition of authority involves influence or control applied by one person over another. In less formal situations, a leader will look to influence his or her subordinates but not control them. Controlling a group of people allows little room for them to be creative and think outside the box. In formal organizations,